The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), a global body founded in 1974 by central banks and regulatory agencies from several countries, is responsible for the Basel Accords, a set of international banking rules. The Basel Accords’ primary goal is to control how banks manage their risks and capital needs in order to maintain the stability and security of the financial system.
Basel I, Basel II, and Basel III are the three sets of rules that make up the Basel Accords. To increase the stability and resilience of the banking system, each set of regulations builds on the one before it and adds additional laws and regulations.
Based on the risk profiles of their assets, Basel I, which was enacted in 1988, established the minimal capital requirements that banks must uphold. The rules, which mandated that banks maintain a minimum capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of 8%, were clear-cut and uncomplicated. The CAR evaluates a bank’s capacity to withstand losses by comparing its capital to its risk-weighted assets. In 2004, Basel II, a more advanced risk management framework, was implemented. It required banks to examine their risks more thoroughly and to hold capital based on the particular risks they faced. New forms of capital were also created by Basel II, such as Tier 2 capital, which can absorb losses in the event that a bank fails.
Basel III, which became effective in 2010 and added new regulations regarding capital buffers, leverage, and liquidity, reinforced the banking sector even more. To guarantee that they have enough liquid assets to resist short- and long-term financing strains, the standards mandate that banks maintain a minimum liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) and a minimum net stable funding ratio (NSFR).
Enhancing the stability and security of the banking sector has been made possible in large part by the Basel Accords. The rules have contributed to the reduction of bank failures and financial crises by requiring banks to maintain adequate amounts of capital and to manage their risks more sensibly. The Basel Accords have, however, come under fire. Some claim that they are overly complicated and have raised the regulatory burden on banks, which can hinder innovation and economic progress.
The Basel Accords are a crucial foundation for policing the banking industry, to sum up. They offer a set of rules that banks must adhere to in order to make sure that they are properly managing their risks and capital needs. The Basel Accords have been criticized, yet they continue to be an essential tool for preserving the security and stability of the banking system.
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